Uplift or lowering in the elevation of some areas of the earth’s surface, such as the emergence or submergence of some islands and coasts, the formation of mountains.
Landslides, creeps, and landslips, especially at the slopes of highlands and in areas with subsurface caves and voids, which result in the destruction of buildings, roads, etc.
Ground fracturing and fissuring and their consequent damages on buildings.
Liquefaction of soils and unconsolidated sediments, which causes the collapse of the engineering structures constructed ton them.
Tsunamis, which cause the flooding of wide areas adjacent to the coasts.
Fire resulting from the damages of electricity, gas, and other distribution pipeline networks.